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Single-wall carbon nanotubes grow along self-assembled nanosteps of annealed miscut C-plane sapphire. Depending on the miscut orientation and annealing conditions, graphoepitaxy leads to the formation of either unprecedentedly straight and parallel nanotubes, with angular deviations as small as +/-0.5 degrees , or to wavy nanotubes loosely conformal to sawtooth-shaped faceted nanosteps.
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Ismach et al. (2005) studied this question.
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