Data are presented giving the measured acoustic reactance and resistance for a number of circular orifices varying in diameter from 1 cm down to 0.034 cm, and for a rectangular orifice 1.9 cm×0.075 cm. The measurements were made for various particle velocities, the corresponding Reynolds numbers varying from 0.7 to 3000, roughly. The reactance is found substantially independent of the particle velocity; a formula for computing it is given. The resistance approaches a constant value as the velocity is sufficiently decreased; formulae for computing this “low velocity” resistance are given. At larger velocities the resistance increases with the velocity. This is discussed from the standpoint of a loss of kinetic energy of flow, acting besides viscosity and turbulence.
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L. J. Sivian (1935) studied this question.