The bacteriophage λ integrase catalyzes four site-specific recombination pathways with distinct protein and DNA requirements and nucleoprotein intermediates. Some of these intermediates are very transient and difficult to obtain in significant amounts, due to and of of requirements and of of intermediates. to of recombination of four of and these of nucleoprotein intermediates in of of in recombination pathways integrase and of to in The bacteriophage λ integrase catalyzes four site-specific recombination pathways with distinct protein and DNA requirements and nucleoprotein intermediates. Some of these intermediates are very transient and difficult to obtain in significant amounts, due to and of of requirements and of of intermediates. to of recombination of four of and these of nucleoprotein intermediates in of of in recombination pathways integrase and of to in site-specific recombination of and DNA DNA of of and and of to of of of these and DNA in of and DNA of λ integrase of to site-specific recombination of DNA and of and and DNA to these catalyzes recombination and very of and to in these are in recombination and in recombination and to of recombination of and in in DNA and of in of and to in and of and to and of due to in of four pathways of λ to in in to of with in in in of to of to and and pathways are to in to in in to of with in in in of to of to and and pathways are to in in and with and and of in and with in of The and protein to The protein of protein protein with of The with and The of and to of The and and The in of and with and of of of of with of in The to and and four and in in in and and of of of The and to of in of and in and with of and and and of and recombination The protein and of protein and of and and of in of and of DNA and and and to to to The of are to with with of and in and to and with recombination with of and and and and in of and and and with of and in of and of and and and with of and and with with and in of and of and and and and in of and of and and with of and in of and of and of and and and to of in of and of and of and of and with of with The and in of recombination in and and and to and of and and with to with to in of of and and with of and in in of of to intermediates. to The to and The DNA with The DNA and in and The of to to in and of of and with of and are with significant in in recombination and and and to to The to The of with to and are and in of The of with requirements in in pathways of of in recombination to of of of recombination in The of of of of and of of in of DNA in to of DNA The to and in and with in of in of The with in in to of to four in of in with of and are of The of in in of these are four of of of in and are in are of of in of of and of with with in The of in of in The of are with of of with and and of these to of of of The of to of in The and of of are The recombination and in are with in of in with of in of of of due to of in of of and of to of in of to The with in and in are in in with in to in of and very in of and and and The to recombination four of and four with and of these of in to of four to in of and The of these in in of very with of of recombination are The of of are with of recombination are in with of DNA are to of DNA and very in to The of these recombination of and these of of of of and of and to and of and in recombination of and of are with to of recombination in to of in of recombination to of of nucleoprotein and of in to in nucleoprotein in of of and to of nucleoprotein of in and and of are and and of of to and of and of of and and to of and of recombination and of intermediates and of of nucleoprotein intermediates in of of DNA in in of of DNA in and to to to DNA and of DNA of of of recombination intermediates in of of of of recombination with of very of DNA and to of with of and in of recombination The of to and to of DNA of significant DNA and DNA in of and recombination very due to of with these to recombination these to and of DNA with and The of and and of of of The DNA of in of of in of of and and in of in of and with recombination and in with in with and recombination and to to with in in and with of to to recombination of and intermediates to in in of The are and are with and in in of to to very recombination in of are in of of recombination and of of with to in The with and to of and of of in and The in of these pathways in of in in and in and in in to and of to site-specific and to DNA of recombination and recombination with with in recombination recombination in distinct in of with of very recombination and of very with of and of of of in in and to The of and The and are and to The of to and due to DNA of and to of and and to to of of of very and of significant in with of of due to very of of of The of and of are with to in and of in of of The of and of are with to in and of in in of in to of with The of with in of with of The of with of to in of of of to of of of and in of and The of to and of The of of to in of and of The of to with of of of of in of of in of of recombination and of of of and of of with of and are to recombination with to of and of of these with of and of and of of in and in of these DNA and to in recombination and in with to in pathways in of in in of The of these due to with to difficult these to with with DNA with and are and of with with of in of to with of of and of and to and are in these to of recombination in of with to of of of to to The of to of to and of in of in of these and of in and these with these of of in of recombination are recombination in to of to in The to these of of recombination are and with to of to to and in to and to recombination in of and in recombination of in to in in of of are to and of of in and in and of and of of recombination in of of with of of recombination of of of with of of in of of of these in of to with DNA in are in The in to to and to to in to and The in of in of of of to to in of of and to to are of of due to in in of to of and to to are in due to of of these of of these are due to in of The of recombination with of to of of in and are of to of in of in in in with to and to to are of to of in of The in in in with to and to to in recombination in with in of of and of in pathways and of to recombination of to and in of pathways in of in and in The to of and in and recombination of to of and of and in and and are and intermediates in recombination pathways distinct and to and in to with and to and The with of to DNA of are in in with intermediates of pathways of are and are of DNA of very and in of intermediates DNA are of DNA to DNA and protein pathways and in distinct in pathways and in in are due to with in of in to DNA are to with in and protein and protein are to and in of to of to recombination of of these intermediates of intermediates of recombination pathways intermediates of with of in of these with in and and in and with in and in and are are in and of of in of are very of in of and and are of are to of and of with of of in of these in to and intermediates of and recombination are in DNA are in in of of of significant of of these of of and with to in to of with these of of recombination protein and in of and in to in and are to recombination The to of intermediates in with recombination are of in and pathways are of in pathways with to and in and of and The of of with of of very with in of to of of and of in pathways are very due to of in of are and are of these intermediates and of of of recombination pathways The and of in of very in of of very to of site-specific recombination of and DNA DNA of of and and of to of of of these and DNA in of and DNA of λ integrase of to site-specific recombination of DNA and of and and DNA to these catalyzes recombination and very of and to in these are in recombination and in recombination and to of recombination of and in in DNA and of in of and to in and of and to and of due to in of intermediates. integrase integrase and with and and of in and with in of The and protein to The protein of protein protein with of The with and The of and to of The and and The in of and with and of of of of with of in The to and and four and in in in and and of of of The and to of in of and in and with of and and and of and recombination The protein and of protein and of and and of in of and of DNA and and and to to to The of are to with with of and in and to and with recombination with of and and and and in of and and and with of and in of and of and and and with of and and with with and in of and of and and and and in of and of and and with of and in of and of and of and and and to of in of and of and of and of and with of with The and in of recombination in and and and to and of and and with to with to in of of and and with of and in in of of to intermediates. to The to and The DNA with The DNA and in and The of to to in and of of and with of and are with significant in in recombination and and and to to The to The of with to and are and DNA and with and and of in and with in of The and protein to The protein of protein The protein with of The with and The of and to of The and and The in of and with and of of of of with of in The to and and four and in in in and and of of of The and to of in of and in and with of and and and of and recombination The protein and of protein and of and and of λ in of and of DNA and and and to to to The of are to with with of and in and to and with recombination with of and and and and in of and and and with of and in of and of and and and with of and and with with and in of and of and and and and in of and of and and with of and in of and of and of and and and to of in of and of and of and of and with of with The and in of recombination in and and and to and of and and with to with to in of of and and with of and in in of of to intermediates. to The to and The DNA with The DNA and in and The of to to in and of of and with of and are with significant in The in recombination and and and to to The to The of with to and are and in of The of with requirements in in pathways of of in recombination to of of of recombination in The of of of of and of of in of DNA in to of DNA The to and in and with in of in of The with in in to of to four in of and of with with in The of in of in The of are with of of with and and of these to of of of The of to of in The and of of are The recombination and in are with in of in with of in of of of due to of in of of and of to of in of to The with in and in are in in with in to in of and very in of and and and The to recombination four of and four with and of these of in to of four to in of and The of these in in of very with of of recombination are The of of are with of recombination are in with of DNA are to of DNA and very in to The of these recombination of and these of of of of and of and to and of and in recombination of and of are with to of recombination in to of in of recombination to of of nucleoprotein and of in to in nucleoprotein in of of and to of nucleoprotein of in and and of are and and of of to and of and of of and and to of and of recombination and of intermediates and of of nucleoprotein intermediates in of of DNA in in of of DNA in and to to to DNA and of DNA of of of recombination intermediates in of of of of recombination with of very of DNA and to of with of and in of recombination The of to and to of DNA of significant DNA and DNA in of and recombination very due to of with these to recombination these to and of DNA with and The of and and of of of The DNA of in of of in of of and and in of in of and with recombination and in with in with and recombination and to to with in in and with of to to recombination of and intermediates to in in of The are and are with and in in of to to very recombination in of are in of of recombination and of of with to in The with and to of and of of in and The in of these pathways in of in in and in and in in to and of to site-specific and to DNA of recombination and recombination with with in recombination recombination in distinct in of with of very recombination and of very with of and of of of in in and to The of and The and are and to The of to and due to DNA of and to of and and to to of of of very and of significant in with of of due to very of of of The of and of are with to in and of in of of The of and of are with to in and of in in of in to of with The of with in of with of The of with of to in of of of to of of of and in of and The of to and of The of of to in of and of The of to with of of of of in of of in of of recombination and of of of and of of with of and are to recombination with to of and of of these with of and of and of of in and in of these DNA and to in recombination and in with to in pathways in of in in of The of these due to with to difficult these to with with DNA with and are and of with with of in of to with of of and of and to and are in these to of recombination in of with to of of of to to The of to of to and of in of in of these and of in and these with these of of in of recombination are recombination in to of to in The to these of of recombination are and with to of to to and in to and to recombination in of and in recombination of in to in in of of are to and of of in and in and of and of of recombination in of of with of of recombination of of of with of of in of of of these in of to with DNA in are in The in to to and to to in to and The in of in of of of to to in of of and to to are of of due to in in of to of and to to are in due to of of these of of these are due to in of The of recombination with of to of of in and are of to of in of in in in with to and to to are of to of in of The in in in with to and to to in recombination in with in of of and of in pathways and of to recombination of to and in in of The of with requirements in in pathways of recombination to of of of recombination in The of of of of and of of in of DNA in to of DNA The to and in and with in of in of The with in in to of to four in in of in with of in of of of due to of in of of and of to of in of to The with in and in are in in with in to in of and very in of and and and The to recombination four of and four with and of these of in to of four to in of and The of these in in of very with of of recombination are The of of are with of recombination are in with of DNA are to of DNA and very in to The of these recombination of and these of of of and to of nucleoprotein of in and and of are and and of of to and of and of of and and to of and of recombination and of intermediates and of of nucleoprotein intermediates in of of DNA in in of of DNA in and to to to DNA and to of with of and in of recombination The of to and to of DNA of significant DNA and DNA in of and recombination very due to of with these to recombination these to and The of and and in of in of and with recombination and in with in with and recombination and to to with in in and with of to to recombination of and of of in and The in of these pathways in of in in and in and in in to and of to site-specific and to DNA of recombination and recombination with with in recombination recombination in distinct in of with of very recombination and of very with of and of of of in in and to The of and The and are and to The of to and due to DNA of and to of and and to to of of of very and of significant in with of of due to very of in to of with The of with in of with of The of with of to in of The of of of of in of of in of of recombination and of of of and of of with of and are to recombination with to of and of of these with of and The of and of of in and in of these DNA and to in recombination and in with to in pathways in of in in of The of these due to with to difficult these to with with DNA with and are and of with with of in of to with of of and The of and to and are in these to of recombination in of with to of of of to to The of to of to and of in of in of these and of in and these with these of of in of recombination are recombination in to of to in The to these of of recombination are and with to of to to and in to and to recombination in of and in recombination of in to in in of of are to and of of in and in and in of of of these in of to with DNA in are in The in to to and to to in to and The in of in of of of to to in of of and to to are of of due to in in of to of and to to are in due to of of these of of these are due to in of The of recombination with of to of recombination in with in of of and of in pathways and of to recombination of to and in of pathways in of in and in The to of and in and recombination of to of and of and in and and are and intermediates in recombination pathways distinct and to and in to with and to and The with of to DNA of are in in with intermediates of pathways of are and are of DNA of very and in of intermediates DNA are of DNA to DNA and protein pathways and in distinct in pathways and in in are due to with in of in to DNA are to with in and protein and protein are to and in of to of to recombination of of these intermediates of intermediates of recombination pathways intermediates of with of in of these with in and and in and with in and in and are are in and of of in of are very of in of and and are of are to of and of with of of in of these in to and intermediates of and recombination are in DNA are in in of of of significant of of these of of and with to in to of with these of of recombination protein and in of and in to in and are to recombination The to of intermediates in with recombination are of in and pathways are of in pathways with to and in and of and The of of with of of very with in of to of of and of in pathways are very due to of in of are and are of these intermediates and of of of recombination pathways The and of in of very in of of very to of of pathways in of in and in The to of and in and recombination of to of and of and in and and are and intermediates in recombination pathways distinct and to and in to with and to and The with of to DNA The of are in in with intermediates of pathways of are and are of DNA of very and in of intermediates DNA are of DNA to DNA and protein pathways and in distinct in pathways and in in are due to with in of in to DNA are to with in and protein and protein are to and in of to of to recombination of of these intermediates of intermediates of recombination pathways intermediates The of with of in of these with in and and in and with in and in and are are in and of of in of are very of in of and and are of are to of and of with of of in of these in to and intermediates of and recombination are in DNA are in in of of of significant of of these of of and with to in to of with these of of recombination protein and in of and in to in and are to recombination The to of intermediates in with recombination are of in and pathways are of in pathways with to and in and of and The of of with of of very with in of to of of and of in pathways are very due to of in of are and are of these intermediates and of of The of recombination pathways The and of in of very in of of very to of and to
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Boldt et al. (2004) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: