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This work comprehensively reviews the innovative application of nanofluids as refrigerants in diverse refrigeration systems such as vapor compression refrigeration systems (VCRS), vapor absorption refrigeration systems (VARS), refrigeration based on solar energy, magnetic refrigeration, air-conditioning system and ejector refrigeration technologies. The development of nanofluid shows potential for enhancing efficiency, performance and environmental sustainability in refrigeration systems. This work presents a detailed review of research status in this field and practical applications. Nanofluids are promising candidates for significantly improving heat transfer rates, reducing energy consumption and reducing environmental impact of refrigerants. Special attention is also drawn to the VCRS’s integration, as nanofluids have been noted with improvement in refrigerant properties, assisting in the better performance of lubricants and enhancing heat exchanger efficiency. This review is aimed at the primary objective of analyzing recent findings in nanomaterials with respect to the subject, establishing benefits and challenges existing in the utilization of nanofluids in refrigeration systems.
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Joshi et al. (2025) studied this question.
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