We report an experimental and theoretical study of the birefringence of two-dimensional photonic crystals in the spectral region below the first photonic band gap. Transmission spectroscopy is used to measure the birefringence of a sample composed of a triangular lattice of air cylinders in silicon, with a cylinder radius of 0.644 μm and a lattice pitch of 1.5 μm. The measured birefringence (defined as the difference in the effective refractive indices of the electric fields polarized parallel and perpendicular to the cylinder axis) reaches a maximum value of 0.366 near the first photonic band edge at a wavelength of 6.52 μm. The results show excellent agreement with theory and demonstrate the potential use of two-dimensional photonic crystals for highly birefringent optically integrated devices.
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Généreux et al. (2001) studied this question.
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