Tooth eruption disorders associated with systemic and genetic diseases: clinical guide

Tooth eruption is defined as the movement of the dental root and the tooth from its original development site in the alveolar process to its functional position in the oral cavity. Despite vast amounts of research, the exact mechanism of tooth eruption remains unknown. The authors have shown that the dental crown is not necessary for tooth eruption, whereas the dental follicle seems to be essential for the process. The formation of an eruption pathway by bone resorption allows the root to breach the oral cavity, at the same time, bone formation occurs at the basal level of the dental root. Multiples genetic and molecular structures coordinate these events. Sometimes it is by studying pathological conditions that we discover the essential interactions that occur during tooth eruption. Frequently, a delayed tooth eruption (DTE) is the first, if not the only, expression of a local or general pathology. A DTE can affect directly the diagnosis, the treatment planning, or the timing of the orthodontic treatment. Therefore, it is essential for the orthodontist to identify the cause of a DTE for implementing the correct treatment.