Key result
Anxiety disorders contribute to the development of hypertension through increased sympathetic nervous system activity and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, highlighting the need to treat underlying anxiety.
Anxiety disorders contribute to the development of hypertension via sympathetic and RAAS activation, suggesting that treating anxiety may be important in cardiovascular care.
May support anxiety screening in hypertension; leaves open whether treatment alters outcomes in prospective trials.
Anxiety is characterized most commonly as a diffuse, unpleasant, vague sense of apprehension, often accompanied by autonomic symptoms such as headache, perspiration, palpitations, tightness in the chest, mild stomach discomfort and restlessness, indicated by an inability to sit or stand still for long. Anxiety disorder is one of important cause of development of hypertension, although it is multifactorial. It increases sympathetic nervous system which causes hypertension due to alterations in baro reflex and chemo reflex pathways at both peripheral and central level. It also increases norepinephrine which acts on 1 receptor (in brain, myocardium and kidney and increases cardiac force, rate of contraction, renin release) and 2 receptor (in pulmonary system and blood vessels and decreases resistance of pulmonary airway and blood vessels)-leading to hypertension.
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Singh et al. (2014) conducted a review in Anxiety disorders and hypertension. Anxiety was evaluated. Anxiety disorders contribute to the development of hypertension through increased sympathetic nervous system activity and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, highlighting the need to treat underlying anxiety.
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