A motor using a piezoelectric instead of electromagnetic driving mechanism gives very high torque at low speeds and allows very precise positioning. The author describes the operating principles of piezoelectric motors using PZT ceramics. The design of the motors is then described. The design of the travelling wave motor to overcome the unidirectional problem of piezoelectric motors is described. The main features, advantages and drawbacks of piezoelectric motors are discussed.
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U. Schaaf (1995) studied this question.
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