An electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) is used to detect laser generated surface acoustic transients. The surface acoustic waves are broadband and can be used to detect and size surface-breaking cracks if used in conjunction with a broadband detector. We describe a broadband EMAT and demonstrate first that it can be used to locate artificial surface-breaking defects in both aluminum and steel. A second study reveals that it can also be used for the detection of real surface-breaking cracks, even on rusty steel surfaces.
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Dewhurst et al. (1986) studied this question.
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