TiO 2 quantum dots as superb compact block layers for high-performance CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 perovskite solar cells with an efficiency of 16.97%

A compact TiO(2) layer is crucial to achieve high-efficiency perovskite solar cells. In this study, we developed a facile, low-cost and efficient method to fabricate a pinhole-free and ultrathin blocking layer based on highly crystallized TiO(2) quantum dots (QDs) with an average diameter of 3.6 nm. The surface morphology of the blocking layer and the photoelectric performance of the perovskite solar cells were investigated by spin-coating with three different materials: colloidal TiO(2) QDs, titanium precursor solution, and aqueous TiCl(4). Among these three treatments, the perovskite solar cell based on the TiO(2) QD compact layer offered the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.97% with a photocurrent density of 22.48 mA cm(-2), a photovoltage of 1.063 V and a fill factor of 0.71. The enhancement of PCE mainly stems from the small series resistance and the large shunt resistance of the TiO(2) QD layer.