The individual separation of lanthanides is very complex due to the similarities between these elements. Ion-exchange separations with carboxylic acids are widely studied, but the importance of pH is overlooked. This study used citric acid to evaluate Lu and Yb separation with Dowex 50WX8. The separation was monitored by X-ray fluorescence. Five new structures of Lu and Yb citrates are proposed. Better separation occurs when the pH of the ligand is pH 4.5, where a mononuclear structure is formed. Conversely, polynuclear structures are formed at higher pH, and separation fails. X-ray diffraction reveals different phases at each pH value, and FTIR results support the proposed structures.
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Cáceres-Rivero et al. (2022) studied this question.
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