Risk Factors for Atrial Arrhythmias in Adults With Ebstein Anomaly

Figures

• 

  Figure 1. Independent Risk Factors for the Development of Atrial Arrhythmias Multivariable regression models depicting risk factors for prevalent atrial arrhythmias at baseline (A), incident atrial fibrillation (B), incident atrial flutter/tachycardia (C), and recurrent atrial fibrillation (D). Note that data for incident atrial flutter are presented in logarithmic scale for better visualization. HR = hazard ratio; LA = left atrial; OR = odds ratio; RA = right atrial.

• 

  Figure 2. Cumulative Incidence of New Atrial Arrhythmias (A) Cumulative incidence of atrial fibrillation and (B) of atrial flutter calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method. The cumulative incidences of atrial fibrillation were 8% and 16% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. The cumulative incidences of atrial flutter were 12% and 22% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. Time 0 for assessing incident atrial arrhythmias was the baseline encounter.

• 

  Figure 3. Cumulative Incidence of Recurrent Atrial Arrhythmias Calculation was performed with the Kaplan-Meier method. (A) Cumulative incidence of recurrent atrial arrhythmias was 34% and 51% at 5- and 10-year follow-up, respectively. (B) The 5-year cumulative incidence of recurrent atrial arrhythmias was 46% in patients with atrial fibrillation at baseline (blue) vs 27% in those with absence of atrial fibrillation at baseline (green), P = 0.081. In patients with a history of AA, time 0 is at the first clinical encounter. In patients without a history of AA at the first clinical encounter, time 0 is at the time at first incident AA. AA = atrial arrhythmia.

• 

  Central Illustration. Risk Factors for Atrial Arrhythmias in Adults With Ebstein Anomaly This illustration depicts independent predictors for prevalent atrial arrhythmias at baseline, incidental atrial flutter and incidental and recurrent atrial fibrillation at last follow-up. Disease severity represented by right and left chambers’ size and function metrics (right atrial reservoir strain, left atrial volume index), older age at presentation, male sex, and concomitant congenital anomalies (atrial septal defect) were independently associated with higher risk of atrial arrhythmias.