The Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

The thoracic outlet syndrome is a compressive neurovascular condition of the upper extremity. The neurologic, arterial, and venous structures may be affected individually or in combination in any given patient. Multiple surgical and medical subspecialists may be involved in the care of these patients, including orthopedic, vascular, and thoracic surgeons, neurosurgeons, and neurologists. The topic is extremely controversial; some authors believe that this is a very common condition, while others question the existence of the syndrome. There is disagreement concerning the diagnosis, workup, and proper therapeutic management. The purpose of this article is to critically review and analyze the literature on this subject.