Effect of Bioactive Glass and Hydroxyapatite Coatings on the Success of Immediate Dental Implants: In Vivo Study

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of bioactive glass (BG) and hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings on immediate dental implant success.Materials and methods: A total of 36 implants were divided into three groups of 12 implants in each group: Uncoated titanium (control), HA-coated, and BG-coated.Standardized surgical procedures were followed for immediate implant insertion, and each implant's stability, bone-to-implant contact (BIC), peri-implant bone density, and inflammatory response were evaluated at baseline, 4, 8, and 12 weeks, clinical and radiological follow-ups were scheduled.All data was recorded and statistically analyzed.Results: At 12 weeks, BIC% was 58.4 ± 6.8 in group I, 72.9 ± 7.1 in group II, and 78.6 ± 6.5 in group III, showing a significant difference (F = 29.84,p < 0.001).Implant stability quotient (ISQ) values were 68.3 ± 3.9 (group I), 74.8 ± 4.1 (group II), and 77.6 ± 3.7 (group III), with a significant intergroup difference (F = 18.62, p < 0.001).Peri-implant bone density (HU) was 865.7 ± 74.5, 1018.4 ± 82.1, and 1087.9 ± 78.3 in groups I-III, respectively, with significant variation (F = 24.17,p < 0.001).Inflammatory response scores were highest in group I (4.8 ± 1.1), lower in group II (3.1 ± 0.9), and lowest in group III (2.4 ± 0.8), also significant (F = 19.76,p < 0.001).Conclusion: In conclusion, when compared to uncoated titanium surfaces, BG and HA coatings greatly increased the success of immediate dental implants.Bioactive glass-coated implants showed the lowest inflammatory response along with superior BIC, implant stability, and peri-implant bone density.Clinical significance: Improving clinical results is primarily dependent on surface modification of immediate dental implants.By improving osseointegration, implant durability, and peri-implant bone regeneration while reducing inflammatory response, BG coatings showed the best results.Though not as much as uncoated titanium implants, HA-coated implants also demonstrated better biological function.These results demonstrate the therapeutic importance of using bioactive coatings to improve the efficacy and predictability of immediate dental implant treatment.