Favorable self-rated health is associated with ideal cardiovascular health: a cohort study

INTRODUCTION: Both self‑rated health (SRH) and the cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics of the American Heart Association have been reported as predictors of cardiovascular events. However, a longitudinal study of the relationships between these metrics has not been conducted before. OBJECTIVES: We investigated the association between SRH and CVH metrics in a longitudinal study involving an Asian population. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eligible participants were enrolled between 2009 and 2014. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association between SRH and overall ideal CVH metrics as well as each ideal CVH metric at baseline and during follow‑up. Additionally, we classified participants into 3 groups according to the change in SRH after 3 years of follow‑up and analyzed the changes in ideal CVH metrics in these groups. RESULTS: Our study group consisted of 15 608 participants. After a mean follow‑up of 2.69 years, participants who classified their health as "Poor" or "Very Poor" had reduced odds ratios (ORs) for ideal CVH metrics, with ORs of 0.68 (95% CI, 0.54-0.85; P = 0.001) and 0.59 (95% CI, 0.37-0.96; P = 0.03) for "Poor" and "Very Poor" SRH, respectively. In contrast, the odds for increased ideal CVH metrics rose as SRH improved (OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.07-1.36; P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Changes in SRH ratings might accurately reflect changes in CVH metrics. Our longitudinal study demonstrated that SRH was significantly associated with the number of ideal CVH metrics. Our findings provide epidemiological evidence for future public health strategies targeting cardiovascular disease.