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Direct imaging of water/air/solid interfaces: A “droplet-inside-view” method based on MAC-mode AFM and force–volume function is introduced to directly characterize the microscopic details of a three-phase interface. Researches of the Cassie state, the quasi-Wenzel state, and the transition of the two states for lotus leaves show (see image) that microscopic wetting behavior dominates the macroscopic wettability of micro-/nanoscale interfaces.
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Chen et al. (2009) studied this question.
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