What does this research mean for the field?

There is an inverted U-shaped relationship between supply base international diversification and supply base sustainability performance, indicating that diversification must be optimized rather than maximized to balance resilience and sustainability. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.INCREMENTAL. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

To determine how international supply base diversification affects multinational enterprise supply base sustainability performance and identify the organizational and institutional factors that moderate this relationship.

September 5, 2026Journal of International Business StudiesOpen Access

Diversifying for resilience: how supply base international diversification relates to supply base sustainability performance

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Authors

SASofia Angelidou AMAlex Mohr VSVikrant Shirodkar

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Overview

Longitudinal analysis reveals an inverted U-shaped link between international supply diversification and sustainability in S&P 500 firms, indicating diversification should be optimized for resilience.

Key Points

To determine how international supply base diversification affects multinational enterprise supply base sustainability performance and identify the organizational and institutional factors that moderate this relationship.
Analyzed longitudinal panel data from 320 U.S. multinational firms listed in the S&P 500 across the years 2010 to 2019.
Modeled the trade-offs between supplier switching costs and multi-country monitoring costs using transaction cost economics and supply chain governance frameworks.
Demonstrated a curvilinear, inverted U-shaped relationship between supply base international diversification and supply base sustainability performance.
Showed that this relationship is significantly moderated by the multinational enterprise's own sustainability performance, relational embeddedness with suppliers, and home-to-supplier country institutional distance.

Cite This Study

Angelidou et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a9bd3c76b95aff0620eaf6a https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-026-00899-y

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September 5, 2026Journal of International Business StudiesOpen Access

Diversifying for resilience: how supply base international diversification relates to supply base sustainability performance

View Full Paper

Ask AI

Bookmark

Authors

SASofia Angelidou AMAlex Mohr VSVikrant Shirodkar

Discussion

Member takes

Overview

Key Points

To determine how international supply base diversification affects multinational enterprise supply base sustainability performance and identify the organizational and institutional factors that moderate this relationship.
Analyzed longitudinal panel data from 320 U.S. multinational firms listed in the S&P 500 across the years 2010 to 2019.
Modeled the trade-offs between supplier switching costs and multi-country monitoring costs using transaction cost economics and supply chain governance frameworks.
Demonstrated a curvilinear, inverted U-shaped relationship between supply base international diversification and supply base sustainability performance.
Showed that this relationship is significantly moderated by the multinational enterprise's own sustainability performance, relational embeddedness with suppliers, and home-to-supplier country institutional distance.

Cite This Study

Angelidou et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a9bd3c76b95aff0620eaf6a https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-026-00899-y

View Full Paper

Ask AI

Bookmark