Review outlines advancements in stochastic thermodynamics across complex and living systems, highlighting new frameworks for characterizing non-equilibrium dissipation.
Key Points
To review recent extensions of stochastic thermodynamics beyond traditional non-equilibrium systems and evaluate challenges in applying its principles to macroscopic, complex, and non-physical domains.
Synthesized theoretical developments, including fluctuation theorems, thermodynamic uncertainty relations, and speed limit bounds verified on experimental platforms.
Assessed theoretical extensions incorporating memory effects, hidden degrees of freedom, interacting active matter, and optimal transport geometry.
Surveyed interdisciplinary translations of the framework into biological systems, computation, and social dynamics.
Traced the expansion of trajectory-based thermodynamics into interacting active matter and geometric formulations governed by optimal transport.
Identified critical theoretical challenges in macroscopic and complex systems where statistical irreversibility decouples from physical thermodynamic dissipation.
Characterized emerging applications establishing precision, speed, and energetic dissipation trade-offs in cellular networks and computational architectures.