Physicochemical Changes, Bioactive Compound Dynamics, and Proteomic Remodeling During Ligustrum sp. Fruit Development

This study investigated the development of Ligustrum sp. fruits through physical, chemical, physicochemical, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses. The ripening process was found to be accompanied by significant physicochemical changes and a complex dynamic of phenolic compounds, indicating metabolism physiological roles and potential nutritional and pharmacological applications. Proteomic analysis revealed 359 differentially expressed proteins throughout development, 47 of which were associated with metabolic functions such as energy metabolism, gene regulation, stress response, and cell wall remodeling. A considerable number of hypothetical proteins were also identified, highlighting the need for further functional studies. The results reveal multifaceted regulation and intense biochemical activity supporting fruit growth and maturation, contributing to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved and emphasizing the biotechnological potential of the species for future functional and pharmacological applications.