An Updated Checklist of Terrestrial Mammals of Hainan Island, China

As the largest tropical island in China, Hainan Island harbors a rich diversity of mammalian fauna. With recent advances in field surveys and taxonomic research, new records are being discovered at a steady pace, making a comprehensive revision of the species checklist imperative. Furthermore, ongoing developments in mammalian systematics call for a critical re‐evaluation of the taxonomic status of several lineages on the island. Building upon the foundational work Birds and Mammals of Hainan Island (1983), this study synthesizes literature and specimen records from the past four decades to update the checklist of terrestrial mammals from the order to the species level. As of December 2025, we document 95 terrestrial mammal species on Hainan Island, representing 63 genera, 26 families, and 9 orders, which account for 12.91% of China's total terrestrial mammalian diversity. Of these, 10 species are classified as threatened (critically endangered, endangered, or vulnerable) on the IUCN Red List, and 19 are listed in the CITES Appendices. In this update, we revised the taxonomy and nomenclature of 40 species based on historical records and added 19 new species records. The checklist provides an essential baseline for biodiversity conservation and ecological research in the region.