Anisotropic Lattice Compression Enables Defect-Rich Lithium-Ion Transport Channels for Extremely Fast-Charging Lithium-Ion Batteries

Enhancing mass-transport kinetics via lattice defect engineering holds great promise for high-performance rechargeable batteries. Herein, we design a defect-rich anode system by self-catalyzing the growth of graphdiyne (GDY) on the La2CuO4 (LCO) surface. Orbital interactions between GDY and metal atoms induce a lattice compression in LCO. The degree of overlap between pz orbitals of sp-hybridized carbon atoms in GDY and dz2 orbitals of metal atoms varies across different crystallographic planes, resulting in a plane-dependent anisotropic lattice compression. This anisotropy generates specific grain boundaries rich in lattice distortions and vacancies, which lower the energy barrier for lithium (Li)-ion transport and establish defect-enhanced diffusion pathways. Furthermore, we reveal that the reversible alkyne–alkene transition of GDY during discharge–charge processes triggers a lattice-rebound effect, which actively pumps Li ions into the lattice, further enhancing the Li-ion transport kinetics. Benefiting from these features, the LCO@GDY anode exhibits remarkable fast-charging performance and long-term cycling stability, delivering a high capacity of 151.4 mAh g–1 with a capacity retention of 84.9% after 15000 cycles at 10 A g–1. Moreover, the LCO@GDY||LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 full cell delivers a specific capacity of 141.9 mAh g–1 with negligible capacity decay after 1000 cycles at a high rate of 6 C (1 C = 210 mA g–1). We anticipate that these findings will guide the construction of advanced defect-rich fast-charging materials, leading to the development of next-generation, high-performance fast-charging batteries.