Factors associated with influenza vaccination uptake among adults with self-reported respiratory diseases in Hungary: a cross-sectional study

Influenza is a major global public health challenge, causing seasonal outbreaks of acute respiratory infections across all age groups. Although influenza can affect individuals of all ages, those with chronic conditions, including respiratory diseases, are at higher risk of severe outcomes. For this reason, annual vaccination is recommended for these high-risk groups. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with influenza vaccination uptake among adults with self-reported respiratory diseases in Hungary. This study was based on data from the Hungarian waves of the cross-sectional European Health Interview Survey conducted in 2009, 2014, and 2019. Survey-weighted descriptive and bivariate analyses were conducted, and a survey-weighted multiple logistic regression model was fitted among respondents with self-reported respiratory diseases to assess factors associated with influenza vaccination uptake within the previous year. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Respondents with self-reported respiratory diseases ( n = 1,456) and those without such conditions ( n = 14,975) were included in the descriptive analyses. Influenza vaccination uptake was higher among respondents with self-reported respiratory diseases than among those without these diseases (24% vs. 12%), although vaccination uptake remained low in both groups. Among respondents with self-reported respiratory diseases, vaccination uptake did not differ significantly across survey years. In the adjusted model, older age was associated with higher odds of vaccination, particularly among those aged ≥ 65 years (AOR = 5.02; 95% CI 2.63–9.56). Lack of recent healthcare contact was associated with lower odds of vaccination, both for doctor visits (AOR = 0.45; 95% CI 0.23–0.91) and specialist visits (AOR = 0.48; 95% CI 0.31–0.75). Cardiovascular or cerebrovascular comorbidity was also associated with higher odds of vaccination (AOR = 1.55; 95% CI 1.09–2.19). Influenza vaccination uptake among Hungarian adults with self-reported respiratory diseases remained low with no significant difference observed across the survey years. Older age, recent healthcare contact, and cardiovascular or cerebrovascular comorbidity were associated with higher vaccination uptake.