Gender Differences in the Co‐Occurrence Networks of Problematic Social Media Use and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents: A Cross‐Lagged Panel Network Analysis

Introduction Problematic social media use (PSMU) is a growing concern among adolescents, particularly among girls, and often co‐occurs with depressive symptoms. This co‐occurrence can worsen symptom severity and impair functioning. Early identification and gender‐specific interventions are crucial. This study aimed to explore the interaction between PSMU and depressive symptoms and identify gender differences in Chinese adolescents. Methods A sample of 1068 Chinese adolescents ( M age = 14.28; 52.8% girls) completed self‐reported questionnaires on PSMU and depressive symptoms. Cross‐lagged panel network (CLPN) analysis was used to examine the reciprocal relationships between PSMU and depressive symptoms and to identify gender‐specific patterns. Results In the overall co‐occurrence network, the three strongest cross‐lagged paths were guilt → suicidal ideation ( β = 0.13), concentration difficulties → relapse ( β = 0.13), and suicidal ideation → sad mood ( β = 0.12). “Suicidal ideation” and “guilt” showed the strongest connectivity, while “mood modification” and “low energy” were most influenced by other symptoms. Concentration difficulties → relapse was the strongest cross‐domain pathway, suggesting that these symptoms may form a candidate longitudinal bridge between depressive symptoms and PSMU. In the gender‐stratified networks, guilt was the primary driving node and low energy the most strongly influenced node among girls; among boys, suicidal ideation and sleep problems occupied these roles, respectively. Conclusions These findings suggest that symptoms such as “guilt” and “suicidal ideation” may represent potential targets for future gender‐sensitive prevention and intervention research. Tailored approaches based on symptom patterns can help reduce the impact of PSMU and depressive symptoms in adolescents.