This study presents injection-pulling effects on a local oscillator (LO) for wireless applications. A discrete-time analysis is provided to predict output spectra of the LO pulled by a sinusoidal and angle-modulated injection signal. A phase-locked loop synthesizer with an injection signal is analyzed in frequency domain to account for the inherent bandpass filtering on the injection signal. In addition, a phase noise model is developed by using the proposed frequency-domain approach to characterize the overall phase noise of a phase-locked oscillator under injection. Comparison between theoretical predictions and experimental results shows excellent agreement.
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Li et al. (2010) studied this question.
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