A new protocol for the palladium-catalyzed free-amine-directed alkenylation of C(sp(2))-H bonds and cycloamination is described. Substituted biaryl-2-amines react with various alkenes, including electron-deficient alkenes, aryl alkenes and alkyl alkenes, to give the corresponding phenanthridines with exclusive regioselectivity. The use of α-branched styrenes leads to the formation of tricyclic compounds with a seven-membered amine ring. The method operates through a free-amine-directed alkenylation and a subsequent hydroamination cyclization reaction.
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Liang et al. (2012) studied this question.
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