One Step Closer to an Ideal Insensitive Energetic Molecule: 3,5-Diamino-6-hydroxy-2-oxide-4-nitropyrimidone and its Derivatives

Reaching the goal of developing an insensitive high-energy molecule ( IHEM ) is a major challenge. In this study, 3,5-diamino-6-hydroxy-2-oxide-4-nitropyrimidone ( IHEM-1 ) was synthesized in one step from 2,4,6-triamino-5-nitropyrimidine-1,3-dioxide hydrate (ICM-102 hydrate). The density of compound IHEM-1 is 1.95 g cm –3 with a decomposition temperature of 271 °C. Its detonation velocity and pressure are 8660 m s –1 and 33.64 GPa, respectively, which are far superior to the detonation performance of 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB), while its sensitivity is identical with that of TATB. In addition, four derivatives ( 1a, chloride; 1b, nitrate; 1c, perchlorate; and 1d, dinitramide) were prepared on the basis of the weak base site (N–O group) and show excellent energetic properties. By combining a series of advantages, including simple preparation, high yield, high density, very low solubility in aqueous solution, high thermostability, insensitivity, and excellent detonation performance, IHEM-1 approaches an ideal insensitive high-energy molecule. Compounds 1b – 1d are also competitive as new high-energy-density materials.