Crowdions in crystals are studied using the Frenkel-Kontorova model. All properties of the crowdion are sensitive functions of H=π²V₀βa². Here V₀ is the amplitude of the periodic potential in which atoms of the crowdion row move. β is the spring constant giving forces between neighboring atoms on the row and a is the period of the periodic potential. The configuration and the energy (relative to the perfect crystal) are calculated. The migration energy required to move the crowdion along the row and the frequencies and configurations of the low-frequency resonant modes are calculated. An attempt is made to estimate H for gold since the self-interstitial in gold may be a crowdion.
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J. S. Koehler (1978) studied this question.
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