Do Pheromone Receptors that Receive the Same or Similar Signal Molecules Have the Same or Similar Structure?

No, they have different structures! This answer to the question in the title of this communication was deduced from electrophysiological measurements with the enantiomers of chiral pheromone derivatives. The acetate receptor on the antennae of the butterfly species Antherea pernyi, for example, differentiates between the (13R) and (13S) enantiomer of the acetate 1 a by a factor of 3 (the (S) enantiomer binds preferentially), while the aldehyde receptor distinguishes between the enantiomers of the analogous aldehyde 1 b by a factor of 10 (here, however, the (R) enantiomer is favored).