Luteolin improves heart preservation through inhibiting hypoxia‑dependent L‑type calcium channels in cardiomyocytes

The current study aimed to evaluate whether luteolin could improve long‑term heart preservation; this was achieved by evaluating the heart following long‑term storage in University of Wisconsin solution (the control group) and in solutions containing three luteolin concentrations. The effects of different preservation methods were evaluated with respect to cardiac function while hearts were in custom‑made ex vivo Langendorff perfusion systems. Different preservation methods were evaluated with respect to the histology, ultrastructure and apoptosis rate of the hearts, and the function of cardiomyocytes. In the presence of luteolin, the rate pressure product of the left ventricle was increased within 60 min of reperfusion following a 12‑h preservation, coronary flow was higher within 30 min of reperfusion, cardiac contractile function was higher throughout reperfusion following 12‑ and 18‑h preservations, and the left ventricle peak systolic pressure was significantly higher compared with the control group (all P<0.05). The expression levels of apoptosis regulator Bax and apoptosis regulator Bcl‑2 in the luteolin groups were significantly decreased and increased, respectively. Lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase and malondialdehyde enzymatic activity was increased following long‑term storage, while the activity of superoxide dismutase was significantly decreased. Furthermore, luteolin inhibited L‑type calcium currents in ventricular myocytes under hypoxia conditions. Thus, luteolin demonstrated protective effects during long‑term heart preservation in what appeared to be a dose‑dependent manner, which may be accomplished through inhibiting hypoxia‑dependent L‑type calcium channels.