Modification of Piezoelectric Characteristics of the Pb(Mg,Nb)O 3 ‐PbZrO 3 ‐PbTiO 3 Ternary System by Aliovalent Additives

The effects of donor and acceptor doping on the piezoelectric properties of 18Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 ·39PbZrO 3 ·43PbTiO 3 ternary solid solution have been investigated. The dopants influence in a pronounced way both the crystal structure and microstructure of the materials. The materials are transformed from the rhombohedral to the tetragonal structure, and the grain size is reduced when Nb 5+ cations are added. The crystal structures are transformed from the rhombohedral to the cubic structure, and grain growth is enhanced, when Mg 2+ cations are included. The values of K P and K are maximized for 1‐mol%‐Nb 5+ ‐doped samples (K P = 0.69, K = 1152); the Q m factor and E c are optimized for 4‐mol%‐Mg 2+ ‐doped samples ( Q m = 1534, E c = 0.56).