Decay of spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in the Åland Islands

II Material III Methods IV Results 1. Butt rot in Aland 11. Decay by diameter classes 12. Decay by forest site types, tax, development and age classes 2. Parameters of the decay 21. Degree and dimensions of decay 22. Decay microbes 221. Increment borer chips 222. Butt discs 223. Wounds 23. Effect of the various decay agents on decay parameters 3. Estimating the decay in standing trees 4. Consequential effects of butt rot 41. Effect of decay on timber harvest 42. Effect of decay on the stumpage price of growing stock 43. Effect of decay on the volume and increment parameters of trees V Discussion 1. Representativeness of the material 2. Reliability of the method 3. Reliability of the results VI Summary References Seloste Table 1. Sample trees by forest site types and development classes. Taulukko 1. Koepuut metstyypeittin ja kehitysluokittain.