Porous anatase TiO 2 spheres with sizes ranging from 150 to 250 nm were synthesized by a rapid microwave treatment of spherical titanium glycolate precursors preformed via an ethylene glycol-mediated sol–gel process. The effects of various experimental conditions on the formation of titanium glycolate precursors and final TiO 2 spheres were investigated. A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) assembled with the as-synthesized porous TiO 2 spheres as photoanodes exhibits a 5% energy conversion efficiency, which is almost 40% higher than that made of the standard commercial Degussa P25 TiO 2 nanopowders.
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Wang et al. (2011) studied this question.
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