Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Etiopathogenic and Diagnostic Advances

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women of childbearing age, characterized by hyperandrogenism, dysovulation and menstrual cycle disorders. Numerous scientific works report the involvement of multiple factors in its pathogenesis which remains even less clear. The international recommendations formulated in a concerted manner by several scientific organizations call for a diagnostic approach to the disorder based on a rigorous evaluation integrating the analysis of the clinical history, a methodical and careful exploration on the hormonal and morphological level. The diagnostic criteria established in 2003 by the group of experts at the Rotterdam conference remain to be considered. However, the ultrasound criterion must be defined considering the improved performance of the ultrasound device. A significant cardiometabolic risk as well as the psychological disorders often associated with PCOS must be considered in the management strategy which is multidisciplinary, and patient centered.