Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) accounts for an enormous burden of disease worldwide, including up to half of all cases of cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma.1 With the development of a safe and effective vaccine in the early 1980s, hepatitis B became a preventable disease. Routine HBV vaccination of newborns in Taiwan and China, areas of the world with high rates of hepatitis B, was followed by significant declines in rates of chronic hepatitis B and hepatocellular carcinoma.2 In the United States, where the disease is uncommon, the incidence of new cases is currently 75 percent . . .
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Jay H. Hoofnagle (2006) studied this question.
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