Practical quantum random‐number generation based on sampling vacuum fluctuations

Random-number generation is an enabling technology for fields as varied as Monte Carlo simulations and quantum information science, particularly secure quantum key distribution. Here, we propose and demonstrate an approach to random-number generation that satisfies the specific requirements for quantum key distribution. In our scheme, vacuum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field inside a laser cavity are sampled in a discrete manner in time and amplified by injecting current pulses into the laser. Random numbers can be obtained by interfering the laser pulses with another independent laser operating at the same frequency. Using only off-the-shelf optoelectronics and fiber-optic components at a 1.5-μm wavelength, we experimentally demonstrate the generation of high-quality random bits at a rate of up to 1.5 GHz. Our results show the potential of the new scheme for practical information-processing applications.