Hierarchically porous Fe 3 O 4 /C nanocomposite microspheres via a CO 2 bubble-templated hydrothermal approach as high-rate and high-capacity anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Hierarchically porous Fe 3 O 4 /C microspheres, with complex microstructures and excellent electrochemical performances as anode materials in LIBs, have been successfully prepared thanks to the self-aggregation of CO 2 nano-bubbles confined by PVP and Fe(OH) 3 nanoparticles decorated by citrate groups via the molecular chain entanglements during the condensation and carbonization of glucose.