Mn-doped ZnO films with preferred c-axis growth orientation were prepared by pulsed laser deposition under N2 atmosphere on a-plane sapphire substrates. Large positive magnetoresistance amounting to 60% was observed at 5K. Clear anomalous Hall effect was observed at 20K. Ferromagnetism with Curie temperature higher than 290K has been observed, and a deep acceptor trap due to Zn vacancies with a thermal activation energy amounting to 0.815eV has been detected by deep-level transient spectroscopy. For comparison, only paramagnetism was observed in Mn-doped ZnO films with donor traps prepared under O2 atmosphere. Their results clearly demonstrate that the ferromagnetism in Mn-doped ZnO originates from the parallel alignment of magnetic moments mediated by acceptor defects.
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Xu et al. (2007) studied this question.
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