Multidisciplinary Shape Optimization of Aerostat Envelopes

an = coefficient for parabolic rear shape a1, a2, b1, b2, c1, c2, d1, d2 = coefficients of cubic splines that parameterize the center portion of the envelope CD = drag coefficient d = envelope diameter l = envelope length n = load per unit length along meridians, i.e., in warp direction n’ = load per unit length along latitude circles, i.e., in weft direction pR = internal overpressure in the aerostat envelope R = radius of curvature of spherical front portion of envelope R1, R2 = radii of curvature and transverse curvature of an inflated structure XD = design vector for shape optimization