Suicide, Big Five Personality Factors, and Depression at the American State Level

The research determined the relation of the 2004–2005 American state suicide rates to state means on neuroticism, agreeableness, extraversion, openness, and conscientiousness as assessed by Rentfrow, Gosling, and Potter (2008 Rentfrow , P. J. , Gosling , S. D. , & Potter , J. ( 2008 ). A theory of the emergence, persistence, and expression of geographic variation in psychological characteristics . Perspectives on Psychological Science , 3 , 339 – 386 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). Multiple regression strategies were used to analyze relations between state suicide rates and state personality means with state socioeconomic status, White population percent, urban population percent, and depression rates controlled. Multiple regression analysis showed that neuroticism accounted for 32.0% and agreeableness another 16.3% of the variance in suicide rates when demographics and depression were controlled. Lower neuroticism and lower agreeableness were associated with higher suicide rates. Lower neuroticism and lower agreeableness may be important risk factors for completed suicide but not suicidal ideation or attempted suicide.