In the oxidation of carotenoids, ethyl all- trans -8‘-apo-β-caroten-8‘-oate and all- trans -β-carotene, with ferric chloride, several equilibria occur between Fe 3+, Fe 2+, Cl -, the neutral carotenoid, and its radical cation and dication. The radical cation and dication were found to abstract an electron from Fe 2+ . Isomerization of carotenoids occurs during the oxidation. In the presence of air, a stable product is formed in high yield during the oxidation. 1 H NMR, LC-MS, and optical studies show that this product is the 5,8-peroxide of the starting material. A mechanism for the formation of this compound is proposed.
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Gao et al. (2003) studied this question.
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