Tracing the origin of a cryptic invader: phylogeography of the E uwallacea fornicatus ( C oleoptera: C urculionidae: S colytinae) species complex

The ambrosia beetle morphologically identified as E uwallacea fornicatus consists of several cryptic species that exhibit large differences in the DNA sequences of several nuclear and mitochondrial gene regions. Based on these differences, we suggest that there are at least three different species each with distinct phylogeography. Members of this cryptic species complex have invaded many areas outside their native range and cause substantial damage to both agriculture (avocado in particular) and other tree species. Three of these cryptic species have invaded the USA : two species in C alifornia and a third species in both F lorida and H awaii. Identification of their native range allows directed search for their natural enemies that may be used in biological control of these tree pests.