The role of race in thyroid cancer: systematic review

BACKGROUND: The incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing. There is conflicting evidence as to why. However, studies suggest that it is not an apparent increase resulting from enhanced diagnostic practices, but a true increase with more affected patients. This study aimed to assess racial variation in thyroid cancer. METHOD: A narrative systematic review of the literature was conducted. RESULTS: Eight retrospective cohort studies were identified, comprising 611 777 adult patients. Variations exist between racial groups, which are also dependent on gender; white patients have a slightly higher male population when compared to their counterparts. Black and white patients have a higher proportion of follicular cancer. Hispanics were younger at the age of diagnosis. Outcomes are greatly affected by socioeconomic status. CONCLUSION: This study identified many gaps in the way that these types of data are presented. A more concise manner of reporting, with individual-level risk factors, is recommended.