Investigation of Fatty Acids in Biological Fluid Samples and Analysis by Capillary Electrophoresis: State of the Art and Applications

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Fatty acids are vital to various physiological processes, making their analysis crucial for understanding metabolic, nutritional, and pathological conditions. Traditional methods for its analysis in biological samples, such as gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography, often require complex sample preparation, including derivatization and extraction steps. Capillary electrophoresis has emerged as a promising alternative, offering simpler sample preparation, fast analysis times, and reduced consumption of solvents and reagents, which is in line with the principles of green chemistry. Despite its potential, capillary electrophoresis remains underutilized in fatty acid analysis in biological samples. In this regard, this review discusses the state of the art in capillary electrophoresis application for fatty acid analysis in biological samples, highlighting the simplified sample preparation protocols and the technique's advantages over others.