Papilio nandina , a probable hybrid between Papilio dardanus and Papilio phorcas

Hybrids bred in the laboratory between Papilio dardanus Brown and Papilio phorcas Cramer resulted in male butterflies similar to the two naturally occurring males described as P.nandina Rothschild & Jordan. A single female hybrid insect resembling the female parent was also bred. Male hybrids were also obtained between P.dardanus and P.demodocus/demoleus but not between P.dardanus and P.constantinus . The phylogenetic relationships of dardanus and phorcas are discussed, and reasons given for preferring the older hypothesis that male‐like females are primitive rather than that they represent the most specialized forms. Further information on this point would be forthcoming if backcrosses and F 2 s could be obtained.