We report a simple method to prepare hierarchically structured TiO(2) spheres (HS-TiO(2)), using an electrostatic spray technique, that are utilized for photoelectrodes of highly efficient dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). This method has an advantage to remove the synthesis steps in conventional sol-gel method to form nano-sized spheres of TiO(2) nanoclusters. The fine dispersion of commercially available nanocrystalline TiO(2) particles (P25, Degussa) in EtOH without surfactants and additives is electro-sprayed directly onto a fluorine-dopoed tin-oxide (FTO) substrate for DSSC photoelectrodes. The DSSCs of HS-TiO(2) photoelectrodes show high energy conversion efficiency over 10% under illumination of light at 100 mW cm(-2), AM1.5 global. It is concluded from frequency-dependent measurements that the faster electron diffusion coefficient and longer lifetime of HS-TiO(2) than those in nonstructured TiO(2) contribute to the enhanced efficiency in DSSCs.
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Hwang et al. (2011) studied this question.
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