Groups of Charles River Sprague-Dawley male rats were given intragastric intubations of methylbenzylnitrosamine after receiving one of the following diets for 4 weeks: control, zinc-deficient, or zinc-deficient diet plus 4% ethanol in the drinking water. One zinc-deficient group was zinc repleted after the dosing period; the other group, zinc-deficient plus 4% ethanol, received 13-cis-retinoic acid (13-cis-RA) after the dosing period. Zinc deficiency significantly enhanced esophageal tumor incidence; the addition of ethanol further enhanced tumor incidence. Zinc repletion reduced tumor incidence, whereas the addition of 13-cis-RA enhanced tumor incidence.
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Gabrial et al. (1982) studied this question.