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September 6, 2026Open Access

Emergence of Spacetime and the Mass Hierarchy via 3D Topological Soliton Solutions

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Authors

CKCornelis Kramer

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Overview

Theoretical study uncovers the emergence of spacetime and particle masses from 3D topological solitons, indicating a deterministic origin for quantum mechanics and general relativity.

Key Points

  • Formulate a deterministic, bottom-up topological field framework that derives the spacetime metric, gauge charges, and invariant rest mass directly from a vacuum state.
  • Modeled structural scale transitions via exponential topological bifurcation using the non-linear Faddeev-Skyrme Lagrangian.
  • Applied 't Hooft's Chiral Anomaly Matching condition to subnucleonic confinement scales to model symmetry breaking and protection.
  • Decoupled the quantum wavefunction into real structural amplitude and hydrodynamic phase variables to analyze particle trajectories.
  • Demonstrated that fundamental fermions emerge as quantized 3D topological solitons (Hopfions), with unbroken chiral symmetry protecting the electron mass while non-Abelian curvature drives proton mass generation.
  • Reinterpreted W gauge bosons as topological activation thresholds for chiral inversion rather than fundamental elementary particles.
  • Showed that Pauli exclusion arises as geometric shear repulsion between knots, which coarse-grains directly into general relativistic spacetime curvature.

Cite This Study

Cornelis Kramer (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a9d1e8328139818eab216bfhttps://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22310533
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