Structural topology optimisation: from minimising compliance to maximising energy absorption

This is a review paper describing the evolution of the subject of topology optimisation of continuum structures since 1988. The basic idea of posing the optimisation problem as a distribution of material is being compiled and presented here. The subject has matured from minimisation of compliance in simple two-dimensional elastostatics problems to maximisation of energy absorption in complex three-dimensional shell-like structures subject to structural deformation beyond the linear limit. Some examples from the automotive industry are presented to illustrate the review.