Fabrication of controlled microstructural architectures and application in biomedical engineering

This is the authors' abstract. We don't add key points for this paper.

The artificially designed microstructures and nanostructures with controlled properties could be defined as controlled microstructural architectures (CMAs). The properties of the CMAs arise from the feature size, the geometrical configuration, and the patterns of the specially designed structures rather than the physical or chemical properties of the base materials. The key issue of the CMAs is to realize the architectures with growing structural complexity and multilevel hierarchy. In this review, we focus on the recent progress of the fabrication methods for CMAs. The multi-scale additive manufacturing techniques for polymers and metal coating were highlighted to increase the whole performance. Besides, the biomedical applications of the CMAs were summarized in low-density materials, droplet manipulation, and microrobots. This review also covers some remaining challenges for CMAs, along with future outlooks.