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A new contactless light beam-induced current method can be used to identify defects in complex organic multilayer films such as flexible and roll-to-roll processed OPV and tandem OPV modules. In the case of tandem OPV, the method employed by F. C. Krebs and M. Jørgensen on page 465 uses two lasers with different wavelengths to address the individual junctions. Full roll-to-roll contactless testing with solar cells moving at constant speed is possible using a unique coupling scheme combined with signal processing.
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Krebs et al. (2014) studied this question.
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